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The article discusses plasma exchange (PE) as an effective method for removing neurotoxic lipophilic chemicals, particularly persistent organic pollutants (POPs), from the blood. POPs, which accumulate in human adipose tissue, are neurotoxic and have been linked to dementia risk. These pollutants are continuously released into circulation through lipolysis, posing a risk for individuals with obesity or recent weight loss. Studies show that lipid apheresis, including PE, significantly reduces POPs in the blood but faces limitations due to a “rebounding phenomenon,” where POPs re-enter circulation from adipose tissue, limiting long-term efficacy.